感叹句的定义
表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气愤等情绪，句尾有惊叹号“!”，读时用降调，在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。如：Great! How cold!
一.What与how型感叹句
1.结构
感叹句结构
2.用法
1) 感叹部分是名词性短语，即：(a/an)+形容词+名词，感叹词用what。
① What +a(an)+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!例如：
What a fine day it is today!今天天气真好!
What a strong wind it is!
What an interesting story it is!
What a clever boy he is!
② What+a/an/the+名词
What a fool!真是个傻瓜!
What a pity!真是遗憾!
What the heck/dickens!(你讲的)什么玩意啊!
3) What+(形容词)+复数可数名词+……!例如：
What good students they are!他们真是好学生!
What wonderful ideas (we have)!
What funny stories!多么好笑的故事!
④ What+(形容词)+不可数名词+……!例如：
What bad weather we are having!今天的天气真糟糕!
What beautiful flowers they are!
What noise they are making!
What cold weather it is!
What bad weather it is!
What terrible luck!太不走运了!
⑤What+名词
What luck!多幸运啊! What fun!多么好玩啊!
2) 感叹部分是形容词、副词，感叹词用how。
①How+形容词
How lovely!多可爱啊!
How nice!多好啊!
How kind of you!您好客气!
②How+形容词+主语+谓语
How tall she is!她个子多高啊!
How fond he was of it!他多么喜欢它啊!
③How+副词+主语+谓语
How well George writes!乔治写得多好啊!
How beautifully she sings!她唱歌唱得多美啊!
④How+主语+谓语
How he ran!他跑得多快啊!
How they shout!他们叫喊得多厉害呀!
⑤How+形容词(+名词)+谓语+主语
How strange and impressive was life!人生是多么奇妙动人啊!
How precise and thorough are her observations!她的观察是多么准确和透彻啊!
For how many years have I waited!我等了多少年呀!
How good an example he set for us!他给我们树立了多么好的榜样!
注：
1)谓语动词如是连系动词，则how修饰形容词。如：
How careful the boy is!
How cold it is today!今天真冷啊!
How clever a boy he is!
2)谓语动词如是行为动词，则how修饰副词。如：
How carefully the boy is writing!
How fast they are running !他们跑得真快!
How lovely the baby is!
感叹句口诀：
感叹句，要记牢，
what与how少不了;
感叹名词用what，
感叹形、副必用how;
感叹读句用降调，
句末叹号莫忘掉。
二.其它类型的感叹句
1.感叹词(以及副词、形容词)表示的感叹句：
Alas!哎呀! Oh!啊!哦!哎哟!
Well!好啦! Why!什么(话)!嗯!岂有此理!好好!
Excellent!好极了!
2.短语表示的感叹句：
Dear me!哎呀! Great Heavens!天哪!
My goodness!哎呀!
None of your nonsense!不要胡扯了!
3.从句表示的感叹句：
As if it were my fault!好像是我的过错似的!
To think a scandal of this sort should be going on under my roof!
真想不到这种丑事竟然出在我们家里!
4.表语表示的感叹句：
Just my luck!唉，又倒霉了!
Sorry，my mistake!对不起，是我的错!
5.such用于感叹句的句型：
We have had such sport!我们玩得好极了!
6.肯定的修辞问句表示的感叹句：
Am I tired!(= I’m extremely tired.)我累极了!
Can he run!(=He can run exceptionally well.)他真会跑!
Was she angry!(=she was very angry indeed.)她气极了!
Did he look annoyed!他看来很烦恼!
Has she grown!她长大了!
7.否定的修辞问句表示的感叹句：
Aren’t they sweet!(=They are very sweet.)他们多可爱啊!
Isn’t he fast!(=He’s extremely fast.)他还不快吗!
Wasn’t it a marvelous concert!(=It was a marvelous concert，wasn’t it?)那是一次极好的音乐会，不是吗?
8.Here/There开头的感叹句：
1) Here/There+主语(代词)+谓语
Here he comes!他来啦!
2) Here/There+谓语+主语(名词)
Here comes the bride!新娘来啦!
9.副词(Off/Away/In)+谓语+主语(名词/不定代词)：
Off they went!别人都进来了!
10.反语感叹句(echo exclamation)
由于对对方所说的话表示惊讶、反对、厌恶等，因而重复他话语的一部分或全句，这样构成的感叹句为反语感叹句。
—I have lived here for twenty years.—Twenty years!That’s a long time.
“我在这里住了20年。”“20年，可不短啦!”
—Have you ever been to Paris?—Been to Paris!I’ll say I have!“你到过巴黎吗?”“到过巴黎!当然到过!”
—Open the door，please.—Open the door!Do you take me for the doorman?“开门!”“你当我是看门的吗?”
11.带有强烈感情的语调说出的陈述句、疑问句和祈使句变成的感叹句(书面语，句末用感叹号)：
Could one have believed it!谁肯相信这个!
Don’t you say that again!你可不要再说那个了!
12.If only表达愿望时，常为感叹句：
If only I’d known!我早知道就好了!
If only I could have my life over again!我要是再有一次生命就好了!
13.习惯上，一个表达强烈感情的句法不完整的句子可用作感叹句：
You told!你说的!
An ice cube!一个冰块!
Even worse!更加糟糕!
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