元音字母有哪些（元音字母有哪些单词）

英语中的元音字母有 a, e, i, o, u 五个。汉语中普通话的元音分为单元音（10个）和复元音（13个）两类。

一些语言中的元音可分为舌面元音和舌尖元音。大多数元音都是舌面元音，如国际音标的 [a]、[e]、[i]、[o]、[u] 等等，而汉语族中有一类在其它语言中很少见的舌尖元音，发音时舌尖紧张，包括平舌音(舌尖前音)如汉语拼音zi、ci、si 的韵母，和翘舌音(舌尖后音)如汉语拼音 zhi、chi、shi 的韵母。

26个字母中有5个纯元音字母(A E I O U)，20个纯辅音字母。字母Y为半元音字母，当Y位于词首时为辅音字母，位于词中或词尾时为元音字母，其读音与字母I相同。掌握五个元音字母的读音及其组合规律是学好英语的关键。元音字母在单词中可以单独发音，也可以跟其它字母构成字母组合一起发音，常见的组合有：

一、五个元音字母在重读开音节与重读闭音节的读音

1.元音字母A

1)在重读开音节中读字母音[ei ]

例如：name [neim] grade [greid] eraser [i’reisə] cake [keik] same [seim]table [‘teibl] late [leit]

favourite [‘feivərit] face [feis] tape [teip] plane [plein] potato [pə’teitəu] skate [skeit] make [meik]

lake [leik] take [teik] save [seiv] station [‘steiʃən] baker [‘beikə] place [pleis] tomato[tə’meitəu]

safe [seif] gate [geit] snake [sneik] cage [keidʒ] baby [‘beibi] paper [‘peipə] famous [‘feiməs]

later [‘leitə] radio [‘reidiəu] patient [‘peiʃənt]

2)在重读闭音节中读[æ]

例如：map [mæp] bag [bæg] apple [‘æpl] fax [fæks] glad [glæd] hat [hæt] black [blæk]

catch [kætʃ] hamburger [‘hæmbə:gə] math [mæθ] rabbit [‘ræbit] bank [bæŋk] accident [‘æksidənt]

happen [‘hæpən] marry [‘mæri] exam [ig’zæm] cabbage [‘kæbidʒ] passenger [‘pæsindʒə] fact [fækt] parrot [‘pærət]

2.元音字母E

1)在重读开音节中读字母音[i:]

例如：these [ði:z] we [wi:] evening [‘i:vniŋ] be [bi:] even [‘i:vən] Chinese[‘tʃai’ni:z]

Japanese[,dʒæpə’ni:z] she [ʃi:] he [hi:] me [mi:] metre [‘mi:tə] Swedish [‘swi:diʃ] scenery [‘si:nəri] eve [i:v]

2).在重读闭音节中读字[e]

例如：ten [ten] spell [spel] pen [pen] desk [desk] egg [eg] welcome [‘welkəm] let [let]

address [ə’dres] dress [dres] next [‘nekst] leg [leg] empty [’empti] mend [mend]

chess [tʃes] rest [rest] letter [‘letə] better[‘betə] left [left] tell [tel] remember [ri’membə]

invent [in’vent] December [di’sembə] wet [wet] message [‘mesidʒ]

3.元音字母I

1)在重读开音节中读字母音[ai]

例如：hi [hai] nine [nain] minus [‘mainəs] Chinese[‘tʃai’ni:z] fine [fain] licence [‘laisəns]

wife [waif] kite [kait] white [hwait] line [lain] mine [main] beside [bi’said] knife [naif]

rice [rais] ice [ais] ride [raid] Friday [‘fraidi] write [rait] price [prais] hike [haik]

exciting [ik’saitiŋ] lion [‘laiən] tiger [‘taigə] quite [kwait] diary [‘daiəri] science [‘saiəns]

invite [in’vait] wine [wain] quiet [‘kwaiət] surprise [sə’praiz]

2)在读闭音节中读字母音[i]

例如：six [siks] think [θiŋk] picture [‘piktʃə] twin [twin] with [wið] drink [driŋk]

chips [tʃip] swim [swim] sing [siŋ] dinner [‘dinə] dish [diʃ] trip [trip] winter [‘wintə] pick [pik] lift [lift] village [‘vilidʒ]

4.元音字母O

1)在重读开音节中读字母音[əu]

例如：no [nəu] hello [hə’ləu] home [həum] those [ðəuz] over [‘əuvə] phone [fəun]

open [‘əupən] so [səu] nose [nəuz] broken [‘brəukən] robot [‘rəubɔt] code [kəud]

close [kləuz] smoke [sməuk] October [ɔk’təubə] hope [həup] ago [ə’gəu] Rome [rəum]

suppose [sə’pəuz] mobile [‘məubil] notice [‘nəutis]

2)在重读闭音节中读[ɔ]

例如：not [nɔt] clock [klɔk] forgot[fə’gɔt] doctor [‘dɔktə] lock [lɔk] doll [dɔl] from [frɔm]

sock [sɔk] shop [ʃɔp] hot [hɔt] fog [fɔg] hospital [‘hɔspitl] job [dʒɔb] hobby [‘hɔbi]

problem [‘prɔbləm] dollar[‘dɔlə] college [‘kɔlidʒ] dolphin [‘dɔlfin] soccer [‘sɔkə]

rock [rɔk] concert [‘kɔnsət] song [sɔŋ] crop [krɔp] opposite [‘ɔpəzit]

5.元音字母U

1)在重读开音节中读字母音[j u:]

例如：computer[kəm’pju:tə] excuse [iks’kju:z] student [‘stju:dənt] use [ju:z]

music [‘mju:zik] usually [‘ju:ʒuəli] refuse [ri’fju:z] human [‘hju:mən]

produce [prə’dju:s] scuba [‘skju:bə] contribution [,kɔntri’bju:ʃən] pupil [‘pju:pl] universe [‘ju:nivə:s] huge [hju:dʒ] duty [‘dju:ti]

2)在重读闭音节中读[ʌ]

例如：number [‘nʌmbə] plus [plʌs] cup [kʌp] bus [bʌs] much [mʌtʃ] us [ʌs]

husband [‘hʌzbənd] uncle [‘ʌŋkl] must [mʌst] lunch [lʌntʃ] hundred [‘hʌndrəd]

hungry [‘hʌŋgri] jump [dʒʌmp] run [rʌn] fun [fʌn] discuss [di’skʌs] pumpkin [‘pʌmpkin]

summer [‘sʌmə] duck [dʌk] subject [‘sʌbdʒikt] suddenly [‘sʌdnli]

二、五个元音字母分别与字母R组合(ar、er、ir、or、ur)在重读音节的读音

1).AR读[a:]

例如：sharpener [‘ʃɑ:pənə] car [kɑ:] dark [dɑ:k] arm [ɑ:m] card [kɑ:d]

park [pɑ:k] hard [hɑ:d] farmer [‘fɑ:mə] party [‘pɑ:ti] artist [‘ɑ:tist] garden [‘gɑ:dn] far [fɑ:]

2).ER读[ε:]

例如：term [tə:m] certainly [‘sə:tənli] person [‘pə:sn] university [,ju:ni’və:siti]

Germany [‘dʒə:məni] serve [sə:v] prefer [pri’fə:] deserve [di’zə:v] nervous [‘nə:vəs] expert [ek’spə:t]

3).IR读[ε:]

例如：skirt [skə:t] thirty [‘θə:ti] thirsty [‘θə:sti] first [fə:st] birthday [‘bə:θdei] circle [‘sə:kl] dirty [‘də:ti]

4).OR读[ɔ:]

例如：for [fɔ:] short [ʃɔ:t] sport [spɔ:t] born [bɔ:n] report [ri’pɔ:t] north [nɔ:θ]

fork [fɔ:k] nor [nɔ:] order [‘ɔ:də] corner [‘kɔ:nə] storm [stɔ:m] afford [ə’fɔ:d] performance [pə’fɔ:məns] pork [pɔ:k]

5).UR读[ε:]

例如：purse [pə:s] purple [‘pə:pl] Thursday [‘θə:zdi] turkey [‘tə:ki] turn [tə:n]

church [tʃə:tʃ] disturb [dis’tə:b] hurt [hə:t] return [ri’tə:n] surfing [‘sə:fiŋ] Turkey [‘tə:ki]

三、ar、er、ir、or、ur分别与字母E组合的读音

1)字母ARE组合读[ɛə]

例如：careful [‘kɛəfəl] software [‘sɔftwɛə]

2)字母ERE组合读 [ɛə]/[ iə]

例如：here [hiə] where [hwɛə] there [ðɛə]

3)字母IRE组合读[aiə]

例如：tire [‘taiə] fireplace [‘faiəpleis] hire[haiə]

4)字母ORE组合读[ɔ:]

例如：before [bi’fɔ:] more [mɔ:] score [skɔ:] explore [iks’plɔ:] store [stɔ:]

5)字母URE组合读[ʊə]/[ ə]

例如：sure [ʃʊə(r)] future [ˈfju:tʃə(r)]nature ˈ[]neɪtʃə(r)] picture [ˈpɪktʃə(r)]